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Types of Vehicle Diagnostics Vehicle diagnostics can be used to identify a range of problems that can arise with the vehicle. There are various types of diagnostic tools and the service technician will select the appropriate one based on the specific situation and current technical condition. These tools include OBD-II and CANBUS. Making use of the proper tool for the job can aid the technician in identifying the issue and help make repairs needed. OBD-II OBD-II vehicle diagnostics are performed using sensors to identify problems with vehicles. The sensors transmit abnormal data to the vehicle's engine control unit (ECU), who stores it as a Diagnostic Trouble Code. The code is a string containing numbers and letters, which indicates the nature and origin of the problem. OBD-II codes can be utilized to identify all the areas of a vehicle , including the chassis, powertrain, and network. Different tools are available to perform OBD-II vehicle diagnosis. These tools could be basic devices for the consumer or more advanced OEM tools, and even vehicle telematics systems. Hand-held scanners and fault code readers are the most basic tools. But, there are sophisticated and durable devices in the market. A scan tool is a device that can read diagnostic trouble codes that are stored in a vehicle’s computer system. It also reads the VIN of the vehicle. OBD-II scanners have a function that can read codes from any protocol. A mechanic can read and interpret the data and give you all the details regarding the problem with your vehicle. OBD-II vehicle diagnostics can aid you in saving money on repairs and improve the performance of your vehicle. They can also give information about the health and state of engine components as well as emissions controls. This information is helpful for diagnosing issues quickly and efficiently. CANBUS A scanner tool can be employed to scan the entire system of a vehicle that is CANBUS compatible. This will show you which modules are required to be on and which ones are off. This could be a sign of something wrong with the wiring or communication. The CAN bus can be affected by a variety symptoms, including partial or total loss of vehicle functionality. These issues can cause an audible warning or a visual warning for the driver. Software errors may also be the cause. A CAN bus fault can also be the result of a defective charging system, low battery voltage, or in the absence of connections. Low resistance readings on CAN ports are an indication of a faulty wiring harness or CAN. Certain CAN devices may have an internal termination resistor that switches on and off as the unit powers up. The manufacturer's information on service should contain the internal termination resistors for a specific CAN device. The CAN bus protocol is a message-based protocol developed to enable communication between automobile components. Multiplex electrical wiring is used to save copper and allow communication between vehicles. Each device transmits data in a frame that is received by all devices in the network. Check engine light The Check Engine light on your car could be an indication of a major problem. If you've noticed an red or orange light on your dashboard, you should take your car in for inspection immediately. The sooner you get it repaired, the lower it will cost. This light could also be accompanied with other symptoms, for instance, an abnormal engine noise. The Check Engine Light, regardless of the cause, is designed to warn you about any issues with your vehicle. The Check Engine Light is an orange, engine-shaped symbol, which is located in the instrument cluster. It comes on when the car's onboard computer detects the issue. This indicator can be triggered by a variety of problems however, sometimes it's as simple as a gas cap that isn't tight enough or a malfunctioning spark plug. Another possible cause of an Check Engine Light is a issue with the exhaust system. A valve for the recirculation of exhaust gas (EGR) could trigger the light to flash. These valves do not need regular maintenance, but can be blocked by carbon and require to be replaced. A malfunctioning EGR valve can cause a rise in the amount of emissions. After you have fixed the issue, the car's sensors will switch off the light automatically. If your car's CEL is on for more than three days, you may need to check it again or manually reset the light. A diagnostic scan will identify the codes that are causing your Check Engine Light to come on. In some instances just a quick scan using the basic scan tool could uncover the root of the issue. A professional scanner is required for more intricate issues. Trouble codes DTCs (diagnostic trouble codes) are the digits you can use to detect problems with your vehicle. The codes can range between one and five characters, and can be used to represent anything from an indicator light to a malfunctioning engine. These codes can be used to troubleshoot and determining the cause of problems. Although DTCs are used to identify car problems, not all of them are serious. In some instances, trouble codes indicate that the sensor circuit is out of range, or that there is a malfunction has occurred in the emissions control system. Once car diagnostic tests 've identified the source of the issue, you can start figuring out the solution. It is important to identify where trouble codes are stored in your vehicle. Typically, DTCs are stored in the Engine Control Module (ECM) or Powertrain Control Module (PCM). Diagnostic trouble codes are important for determining what kind of problem is causing the issue. They can help mechanics troubleshoot issues and determine the kind of repairs that are required. For instance the check engine light may indicate a problem with your circuit for the fuel level sensor. It may also indicate a malfunction in the emissions idle control system. In other cases the light could be a sign of something more serious, such as the gas cap being loose. Certain codes can be dangerous and require fixing immediately. If you have more than one DTC in your vehicle, it's important to identify which is more serious and urgent to fix. Checking fuel supply The process of diagnosing your vehicle can be complicated by the importance of fuel pressure and volume. A malfunctioning fuel pump may cause trouble codes to be displayed on the computer of your vehicle. These codes can be read by codes readers or a scan tool. Many auto parts stores offer code reading free of charge. Alternately, you can purchase low-cost code reading devices for your smartphone. Once you know what to look for, you can begin taking a look at the pressure inside your fuel system. It is a step by step process to check your fuel supply. It is easy to do. Check for a sound in the fuel tank to check it. It should last for about 2 seconds , and then stop. If you hear a humming sound it is a sign that the electrical circuit is functioning correctly. If not, you'll need to perform further tests to determine the cause. In addition to checking the fuel pressure You can also examine the MAF sensor for leaks and clogged fuel injectors. A MAF sensor that is dirty may be the cause of the P0171/P0174 codes. If you're unsure of which part you need to replace you can consult a volumetric efficiency chart or calculator to determine which. Monitoring the fuel pressure is crucial to your vehicle's health. If the pressure is high but the flow is poor then you'll be unable to start the vehicle. A low flow of fuel can indicate poor pressure readings on the voltmeter. You can test the voltage and ampage of the injector's pulses using a scope and an amp clamp. Checking air filter If the air filter in your car is dirty, it can cause a myriad of issues, ranging from sudden acceleration, to fuel that has not been burned and even tiny explosions. It is possible to spot problems early by examining your air filter. To begin, begin by removing the screws that hold the air intake box together. These fasteners could be clipsor screws or even hex nuts. Once the fasteners have been removed, you can pull the air filter out. Check that the filter is properly installed and cleaned. This will allow it to perform its duties correctly. If the filter is not clean the engine will not perform as it should and may not give you an accurate reading. The air filter is located either close to the engine or close to the front of your vehicle. The check engine warning light could also be caused by a blocked filter. This indicator may also signal an issue that is more serious. A blocked air filter may cause excessive fuel to be burned off by hindering the flow of air into your engine. The check engine light could be activated due to excess carbon deposits. A good mechanic will be able determine the reason for the light's appearance. Change the air filter is an essential component of the engine of a car. It keeps impurities and dust out of the air in the engine and results in a more efficient combustion. Without proper airflow the engine may have difficulty starting, running or accelerating.